Xabaalaha Wadareed — Laga Bilaabo Helitaan Lama Filaan Ah Ilaa Qodis Joogto Ah
Somaliland · 1997–wakhtiga hadda · in ka badan 200 goobood oo la sheegay, 11+ oo si xirfad leh loo qoday
Ninna kuma soo baxin inuu diiwaan geliyo tan. Sannadkii 1997, roobab culcul iyo daadad ka dhacay Hargeysa ayaa dhulka fudud ka qaaday oo si fudud u soo bandhigay waxa hoosta lagu aasay — lafo, xadhko, dhalanteed jaban, dhar la jeexjeexay. Wax kasta oo tan iyo markaas dhacay, laga bilaabo hawlgalkii farsamada ee ugu horreeyay ilaa qodista joogtada ah ee maanta, waxay ahaayeen falcelin loo bixiyay dhul si joogto ah u soo bandhigayay caddayn.
Waxa uu koox farsamo ah ee ugu horreysay heleen
Codsi Mona Rishmawi, Khabiirka Madax-bannaan ee QM ee Soomaaliya, Physicians for Human Rights waxay Hargeysa dirtay khubarada anthropology-ga farsamada William D. Haglund iyo Owen B. Beattie Diseembar 1997. Waxay baadheen ku dhawaad 100 goob oo la tuhmayo saddex aag oo magaalada ah — oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan Malko Durduro, Badhka, iyo goobta Warshadda Caanaha — waxayna aqoonsadeen 92 ilaa 116 goob oo suurtagal ah in ay yihiin xabaalo wadareed. Laba ayaa si xaqiijin ah loo aqoonsaday: Malko Durduro, oo u dhow xarunta hore ee Qaybta 26aad ee Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliya, iyo Badhka, oo horeba lagu daboolay diiwaankan sida goob dilka Hargeysa. Faahfaahinta farsamada waa mid gaar ah oo murugsan: hadal-noocyada dhibanayaashu waxay ahaayeen "isu soo dhowaan oo isugu xidhan xadhig, oo curcurada la isu xidhay gadaal," qodxa xabaashuna waxay tusayeen "muuqaal joogto ah... oo la mid ah in xabaashu ay qoday mishiin dhul-qodid ah." Waxay noqotay dukumenti QM oo rasmi ah (E/CN.4/1999/103/Add.1). Isla qiimeyntii 1997 waxay diiwaan gelisay warar aan la xaqiijin oo ku saabsan goobo dheeraad ah oo la sheegay Las Anod, Ceerigaabo, Burco, Berbera, Bireeme, iyo Saylac.
Hay'ad la aasaasay si ay u baadho, dabadeedna la daayay inay keligeed baadho
Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Somaliland, Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal, wuxuu dhexdhexaadkii 1990-yadii aasaasay Guddi Farsamo oo Baadhaya Dembiyada Dagaalka, taasoo noqotay Guddiga Baaritaanka Dembiyada Dagaalka (WCIC) waxaana maanta loo yaqaan Guddiga Baaritaanka Dembiyada Dagaalka iyo Xasuuqa. In ka badan tobankii sano shaqadeeda inta badan ma haysan maalgelin caalami ah. Taasi way isbeddeshay 2011, markii xiriiriye Somaliland qurbo joog ah oo la shaqeynayay Center for Justice & Accountability (CJA) — oo horeba udub dhexaad u ah diiwaanka xisaabtanka ee diiwaankan — uu ku xiriiriyay WCIC iyo Jose Pablo Baraybar, agaasimaha kooxda anthropology-ga farsamada ee Peru, EPAF. Qodistii rasmiga ahayd waxay bilaabatay 24 Sebtember 2012.
Waxa dhab ahaan la qoday, marka loo eego waxa la sheegay
Farqigan waa mid muhiim ah, ilana had iyo jeer way isku qasaan. "In ka badan 200 xabaalood oo wadareed" waa tirada ugu badan la tixraaco — laakiin taasi waxay tirisaa goobo ay deganayaashu ka soo warrameen kadib markii roobku soo bandhigay ama tilmaamo maxalli ah, ma aha goobo si xirfad leh loo qoday. Diiwaanka la xaqiijiyay ee Guddiga laftiisa, oo la raacay sannad kasta:
- 2014: 38 meydad oo laga qoday laba xabaalood, saddexaadna way socotay.
- 13 Mar 2014: aas dawladeed oo rasmi ah oo loo qabtay 44 meydad oo la qoday, oo uu hoggaaminayay guddoomiyihii Guddiga waqtigaas ahaa Cabdirashiid Maxamed Daahir — laga yaabee inay tahay isla kooxdii kor lagu sheegay oo gaartay aas rasmi ah, in kastoo diiwaankan aan xaqiijin in labada tiro ay isku koox tahay.
- 2017: 11 xabaalood oo wadarta guud la qoday, in ka badan 100 meydad oo dib loo aasay; xabaal 17 qof ah oo Berbera laga furay isla sannadkaas, iyo lix goobood oo kale oo Berbera ku yaal oo aan weli la qodin.
- 2018 (sannad-guuradii 30aad ee ololaha): 318 qalfoof oo wadarta guud dib loo aasay, sida uu sheegay Guddigu.
- 2020: xabaal cusub oo Malko Durduro laga helay, oo lala helay alaabo shakhsi ah — saacado, sheeko, jajab dhar ah, xadhig, iyo xabbado.
Qiyaastii wadarta dhimashada goobaha la tuhmayo oo dhan waxay u kala jirtaa 50,000–60,000 ilaa 200,000, marka loo eego isha — run ahaantii lama xaqiijin, oo ka duwan hadal-noocyada dhab ahaan la helay ee kor ku xusan.
Xasuuq magacaaban oo ka danbeeya mid ka mid ah xabaalaha: Lag Barako
Warbixinta xabaalaha wadareed intooda badani waxay sharraxaan goobaha laftooda iyagoo aan magacaabin dhacdo gaar ah oo ka danbeeya. Mid ka reeban: sheekada Saxafi Media ee qodista EPAF/WCIC ee u dhow Gabiley iyo Carabsiyo waxay si toos ah u magacowdaa dhacdo gaar ah — March 1988, "Colonel Ali" ayaa la sheegay inuu hoggaaminayay dilkii 18 rayid ah oo u dhow Gabiley Buur Lag Barako, dhibanayaashana lagu xidhay lammaanayaal ka hor inta aan lagu aasin xabaashii wadareed ee dabadeed la helay. Diiwaankani ma xaqiijin kii "Colonel Ali" ee la tixraacay — waa magac guud oo ay wadaagaan dhowr sarkaal oo horeba lagu daboolay diiwaankan, oo ay ku jirto Yuusuf Cabdi Cali ("Tuke"), tixraacaan lama fasiran karo sida aqoonsi isaga ama qof kale oo gaar ah iyada oo aan la helin caddaymo dheeraad ah.
Sababta Guddiga ay sii wadaan qodista
Ahmed wuxuu sheegay in hal janaraal oo la aaminsan yahay inuu bixiyay amarrada dilku uu dhintay; kan kalena uu ku noolyahay dibedda. Sheeko dambe (2025) waxay magacowdaa Mahmoud Abdi inuu yahay madaxa Guddiga hadda.
Lagu diiwaan geliyay filim
Shaqada qodista, iyo bulshada la nool, waa mawduuca Al Jazeera Kill All But the Crows, oo horeba lagu daboolay bogga Warbaahinta & Muuqaallada ee diiwaankan.
Ilaha
- Physicians for Human Rights — Warbixin Farsamo (UN doc. E/CN.4/1999/103/Add.1) Qiimeyntii ugu horreysay ee farsamo, Diseembar 1997. https://cja.org/cja/downloads/Forensic%20report-%20preliminary%20assessment%20of%20mass%20graves%20in%20the%20vicinity%20of%20Hargeisa,%20Somalia.pdf
- CJA — "Xisaabtanka Kala-guurka ee Somalia/Somaliland" Faahfaahin ku saabsan iskaashiga CJA iyo EPAF. https://cja.org/what-we-do/transitional-justice-initiatives/somaliland/
- Arab News — "200 xabaalood oo wadareed" (2014) Waxay ka warbixinaysaa qiyaasta guddiga. https://www.arabnews.com/news/535856
- VOA — "Somaliland oo Furtay Xabaalo 30 Sano Jiray" (2017) Waxay diiwaan gelisaa xabaal 17 qof ah oo Berbera laga furay. https://www.voanews.com/a/somaliland-opens-thirty-year-old-mass-graves-civil-war/3757516.html
- Pulitzer Center — "Dooxada Dhimashada" (2018) Warbixin 30-guuradii ah. https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/valley-death-somalilands-forgotten-genocide
- Araweelo News Network — "Somaliland oo Heshay Xabaal Cusub" (2020) Waxay ka warbixinaysaa helitaan cusub oo Malko Durduro ah. https://www.araweelonews.com/breaking-news/somaliland-uncovers-new-mass-grave-32-years-after-military-regime-massacres/
- Lacuna Magazine — "Rajada Somaliland ee Xisaabtanka" (2025) Waxay magacowdaa madaxa hadda ee Guddiga. https://lacuna.org.uk/war-and-peace/somalilands-hope-for-transitional-justice-after-the-isaaq-genocide/
- Hadhwanaagnews, iyada oo laga soo qaatay somaliland1991.wordpress.com — warbixinta aaska (13 Mar 2014) Waxay ka warbixinaysaa aas dawladeed oo loo qabtay 44 meydad, oo uu hoggaaminayay guddoomiyihii Guddiga Cabdirashiid Maxamed Daahir. https://somaliland1991.wordpress.com/xasuuqii-somaliland-somaliland-genocide/
- Saxafi Media — "Dhalashadii Dib u Dhaca ee Somaliland (15): Dembiyada Ka Dhan Ah Aadanaha ee Somaliland" Wuxuu magacaabayaa "Colonel Ali" isagoo hoggaaminaya dilkii 18 rayid ah ee Buur Lag Barako, Marso 1988. https://saxafimedia.com/the-rebirth-of-somaliland-15-crimes-against-humanity-in-somaliland/