Yousuf v. Samantar — Xisaabtan Sharci oo Dhab ah
Maxkamadaha federaalka Mareykanka · 2004–2012 · kiiskii ugu horreeyay ee lagu xisaabtamo sarkaal Soomaaliyeed sare
Marka la barbardhigo waxa kale ee diiwaankan ku jira, kani ma aha xasuuq la sheegay — waa kiis sharci oo dhammaystiran. Wuxuu halkan ka muhiim yahay sababtoo ah waa tii ugu horreysay ee sarkaal Soomaaliyeed sare lagu xisaabtamo.
Yaa la soo oogay, iyo sababta
Gaashaanle Maxamed Cali Samatar wuxuu haystay laba ka mid ah jagooyinka ugu sarreeya dawladdii Barre. Sannadkii 2004, Center for Justice & Accountability waxay maxkamad federaal oo Mareykan ah ku soo oogtay dacwad rayid ah, magaca shan dad oo Isaaq ah. Laba dacwoode oo maragfurkoodu ku jiray diiwaanka maxkamadda waa in la sheego si cad: Buralle Salax Maxamuud waxaa la qabtay isaga iyo walaalihiis intii ay dabaaldegayeen, lagu hayay jirdil, kaligiisna la sii daayay taliye aan doonayn inuu dilo saddex walaalo ah. Axmed Jaamac Guuleed wuxuu ka badbaaday markii lala safeeyay god lana toogtay; wuxuu ka soo baxay, raadiyay kabihiisii, wuxuuna lugeeyay guriga. (Ma aha qaraabo Axmed Maxamed Guuleed "Jimale," guddoomiyihii ugu horreeyay ee SNM, oo qof kale ah.)
Halgankii xasaanadda
Samatar ma diidin xaqiiqooyinka. Isagu wuxuu ku doodayay inuu xasaanad ka leeyahay dacwadda FSIA darteed.
- 2010 — Maxkamadda Sare: waxay go'aamisay in FSIA ay xukunto dawladaha, ma aha saraakiisha shakhsi ahaaneed.
- 2012 — Maxkamadda Rakaabka Afraad: waxay xukuntay in xasaanadda aysan gaari karin jirdilka.
Aqbalaadda BBC, oo laga daawaday maxkamad federaal oo furan
23 Feb 2012, Samatar wuxuu aqbalay masuuliyadda. Maalintii xigtay, dhagaystii magdhowga, xeer-ilaaliyayaasha dacwoodayaashu waxay daawadeen cajaladdii dhabta ahayd ee waraysigii BBC ee 1989 ee ay samaysay wariye Elizabeth Ohene, London. Qoraalka maxkamadda ee la xaqiijiyay wuxuu si buuxda u qoray cajaladda:
Markhaatiga Sharmarke: Samatar oo ka gees ah Barre
Isla dhagaystaas waxaa la geliyay maragfurkii Col. Yuusuf Sharmarke, garsoore militari, kaas oo sheegay inuu si toos ah u maqlay wadaxaajood radaar ah oo u dhexeeyay Siyaad Barre iyo Samatar intii dagaalka Burco socday. Sida uu sheegay, Barre wuxuu ku talin jiray taxadar — "ha degdegin duqaynta magaalada" — Samatar-na wuxuu diiday amarkiisa isagoo yiri "waa lama huraan in taas la sameeyo." Sharmarke wuxuu magacaabay taliyihii duurka ee helay amarka toos ah ee Samatar inuu ahaa Col. Kaahiye, oo horeba lagu daboolay bogga Duqaynta Burco.
Tirooyinka dhibanayaasha oo la geliyay caddaymo ahaan
Laba isha oo dawladda Mareykanka ah ayaa loo geliyay caddaymo. Warbixinta la-taliyaha Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibedda (Robert Gersony, Aug 1989) waxay ku soo gabagabaysay in "ugu yaraan 5,000 rayid Isaaq ah oo aan hubaysnayn la si ula kac ah u dilay Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed intii u dhexaysay May 1988 iyo Maarso 1989." Cable-ka Safiirka Mareykanka Frank Crigler (Okt 1989) wuxuu diiwaan geliyay laba dil oo aargoosi ah oo aan si kale loo diiwaan gelin diiwaankan: militiyada dawladda oo disha ku dhawaad 200 rayid Isaaq ah Ceerigaabo Maarso 1989, iyo askar Marexaan ah oo disha 94 rayid Isaaq ah aargoosi ahaan kadib qaraxa miino oo ka dhacay waddada Burco-Berbera May 1989.
Xukunka
Garsoore Leonie Brinkema ayaa xukuntay $21 milyan oo magdhow ah — markii ugu horreysay ee sarkaal Soomaali ah lagu xisaabtamo.
Dawladda Soomaaliya ayaa difaacday
Intii kiisku socday, dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya laftigeeda ayaa faragelisay iyadoo Samatar u taageeraysa, iyadoo warqado 2013 iyo 2014 ah ka codsatay xasaanaddiisa.
Ilaha
- Center for Justice & Accountability — bogga kiiska Yousuf v. Samantar Soo koobid kiiska, asalka dhibanayaasha, iyo xukunka $21 milyan ah. https://cja.org/what-we-do/litigation/yousuf-v-samantar/
- Samantar v. Yousuf, 560 U.S. 305 (2010) — Xukunka Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka Wuxuu qeexayaa in FSIA aysan xannaanaynayn saraakiil shakhsi ahaan loo soo oogay dacwad. https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914b075add7b04934753014
- Yousuf v. Samantar, 699 F.3d 763 (4th Cir. 2012) — Xukunka Maxkamadda Rakaabka Afraad Wuxuu qeexayaa in xasaanadda falalka rasmiga ah aysan daboolayn xadgudubyada jus cogens. https://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/opinions/published/111479.p.pdf
- Somaliland Societies in Europe — "Isutagga iyo Kala-tagga Somaliland..." (2014), Somalilandlaw.com Waxay ka hadlaysaa kiiska Samatar iyo "Warqadda Dhimashada." http://www.somalilandlaw.com/SSE_Somalilands_disunion___Scotlands_Ref_R2.1.pdf