Warfaa v. Ali — Maalintii Maxkamadda ee Taliyaha Guutada Shanaad
Somaliland & maxkamadaha federaalka Mareykanka · 2004–2019
Kani waa xisaabtankii labaad ee dhab ahaa ee diiwaankan, oo la socda Yousuf v. Samantar — wuxuuna qaatay wakhti dheer oo kharash badan si loo guuleysto. Meesha Samantar uu khusayn jiray hoggaanka siyaasadeed ee Muqdisho, kiiskani wuxuu si toos ah u gaadhayaa silsiladda taliska militariga ee fulisay ololaha waqooyi-galbeed.
Dhibanaha iyo taliyaha
Gaashaanle Yuusuf Cabdi Cali, oo loo yaqaan "Tukeh," ayaa taliyay Guutada Shanaad ee Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliya, ku fadhiyay Gabiley agteeda gobolka waqooyi-galbeed — oo hadda ah Somaliland — May 1987 ilaa Jul 1988. CJA waxay ku tilmaantay mid ka mid ah taliyayaashii ugu naxariis-daranaa xukunkii Barre oo dhan.
Waxaa markii ugu horreysay shaaciyay telefishanka Kanada, tobanaal sano ka hor dacwadda
Intaanu CJA ku lug yeelan, taariikhda Tukeh waxay ku soo gaartay Kanada. 6 Oktoobar 1992, barnaamijka baaritaanka CBC-ga the fifth estate ayaa daaha ka qaaday "Crimes Against Humanity," isagoo magacaabaya Tukeh iyo laba nin oo kale oo Kanada ku noolaa markaas — xaakim hore u ahaa Hargeysa iyo su'aal-celiye hore u ahaa booliska Hargeysa — sida tuhmanka dembiyada dagaalka. Tukeh, oo markaas Toronto ku noolaa oo amniga ka shaqaynayay, waxaa Mareykanka loo diray toddobaad gudihiis. Maamulka Kanada waligiis ma soo oogin dacwad dembi ah oo gaar ah. (Su'aal-celiyaha kale ee la magacaabay, Mohamed Hassan Ismail Farah, ayaa Guddiga Socdaalka iyo Qaxootiga ee Kanada ku heshay inuu "mas'uul ka ahaa jirdilka naxariis-darrada ah ee maxaabiista" laakiin waligiis lama saarin; 2014 CBC-gu wuxuu shaaciyay inuu noqday madaxa booliska qaranka Soomaaliya.)
Tukeh wuxuu ku noqday Mareykanka 1996 fiisaha xaaska wuxuuna ku degay Springfield, Virginia, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa sannado badan.
Aroor hore 1987, Farhan Warfaa, oo markaas dhalinyaro ahaa, waxaa qabtay askar ka tirsan taliska Tukeh, iyagoo la socda dhowr deris ah. Bilo ayaa lagu hayey saldhig Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliya, si joogto ah loo su'aalay, loona garaacay, loona jirdilay. Maxkamadda, Warfaa wuxuu ku markhaati furay in Tukeh qudhiisu uu su'aalay kadibna uu rasaas ku ridey meel u dhow, isagoo amar siiyay askartiisa inay meydka meesha ka saaraan. Warfaa wuu badbaaday waana la sii dhuumiyay.
Kiis laba jeer hakiyay dacwado kale
Markii dawladdii Barre burburtay 1991, Tukeh wuxuu marka hore u cararay Kanada, dabadeedna wuxuu noqday muqiim joogto ah oo Mareykan ah. CJA waxay dacwad u soo gudbisay Warfaa 2004, isla sannadkii Samantar. Jidka kiisku wuxuu ahaa mid aad u qallafsan: 2007 si maamul ah ayaa loo xiray, sugitaanka su'aasha xasaanadda ee lagu dacweynayay Yousuf v. Samantar; 2011 dib ayaa loo furay, laakiin mar labaad waa la joojiyay, sugitaanka go'aanka Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka ee kiis kale, Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum. 2014 maxkamaddu ugu dambeyntii dib ayay u furtay kiiska, way diidday xasaanadda Tukeh ee jirdilka iyo isku-dayga dilka sharci-darrada ah.
Feb 2016, Maxkamadda Rakaabka Afraad waxay xaqiijisay in sheegashooyinka Warfaa ee jirdilka iyo isku-dayga dilku ay sii wadi karaan. Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday inay dib u eegto June 2017.
Xukunka
21 May 2019 — 32 sano ka dib jirdilkiisii — xeer-nin Virginia ah ayaa ku heshay Tukeh jirdilka Farhan Warfaa, inkastoo aanay ka helin masuuliyad isku-dayga dilka sharci-darrada ah. Warfaa waxaa la siiyay $500,000, oo ay ku jirto $100,000 oo ciqaab lacageed ah.
Isagoo qarsoon bay-ka dadweynaha dhexdiisa
Labadii shaacin ee CBC-ga u dhexeeyay, saxaafiyiin ayaa mar walba ka helayay Tukeh isagoo nolol caadi ah oo Mareykan ah ku noolaa. Baaritaanno CNN ah ayaa lagu helay isagoo amniga hawada ka shaqaynaya Garoonka Dulles 2016, iyo isagoo wadaya gaadiid kiraysi ah maalmihii ka horreeyay maxkamaddiisii rayidka ee 2019.
Xukunka ka dib: kiis dembi ah, iyo saarid
Xukunka rayidka ee 2019 ma ahayn dhammaadka sheekada. 17 Nov 2022, Homeland Security Investigations ayaa dembi ahaan u xirtay Tukeh Springfield — jid gooni ah oo ka daran kii kiiska rayidka ee hore, oo ay ku jiraan dacwado ay ka mid yihiin jirdil iyo dil sharci-darro ah. 8 Feb 2024, garsoore socdaal oo ka tirsan Wasaaradda Cadaaladda ayaa soo saaray go'aan 65 bog ah oo lagu ogaaday in Cali si shakhsi ah u jirdilay isagoo taliyaha Guutada Shanaad ahaa, wuxuuna amar ku bixiyay in laga saaro Mareykanka. 20 Dis 2024 — 32 sano ka dib shaacintiisii ugu horreysay ee Kanada, shanna sano ka dib xukunka xeer-nimada Virginia — ICE-ga Mareykanka ayaa u diray Soomaaliya. Tan iyo markaas waxaa lagu arkay Laascaanood, gobolka Sool ee ay isku haystaan Somaliland iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa SSC-Khaatumo; ugu yaraan hal warbixin dhawaan ah ayaa isaga dhigaysa isagoo la socda ciidamada SSC, taasoo ah horumar dhab ah oo aan la xallin, ma ahan taariikh la go'aamiyay.
Waxaa keenay isla ururka Samantar
Labadaba kiiskan iyo Yousuf v. Samantar waxaa soo gudbiyay Center for Justice & Accountability, oo ah urur sharci xuquuq aadanaha ah oo San Francisco ku yaal, la aasaasay 1998. Eeg bogga Shakhsiyaasha si aad wax badan uga ogaato shaqada ballaaran ee CJA.
Ilaha
- Center for Justice & Accountability — bogga kiiska Warfaa v. Ali (Col. Tukeh) Taariikhda buuxda ee kiiska: jirdilkii 1987 ee Farhan Warfaa, iyo xukunkii xeer-nimada Virginia ee 2019. http://cja.org/what-we-do/litigation/warfaa-v-ali-col-tukeh/
- CBC — "the fifth estate: Crimes Against Humanity" (6 Oct 1992) Shaacintii ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha loo muujiyay Tukeh (iyo laba nin oo kale) oo Kanada ku noolaa; waxaa warbixiyay Victor Malarek. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/somali-war-crime-fifth-estate-1.3424262
- CBC — "Nin Soomaali ah oo lagu tuhmayo dembiyo dagaal, oo the fifth estate horay u shaaciyay, oo hadda ku jira kiis Mareykan ah" (29 Jan 2016) Warbixin xigta oo isku xidhaysa dukumentigii 1992 iyo dacwadda Warfaa v. Ali. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/somali-war-crime-fifth-estate-1.3424262
- CBC — "Mohamed Hassan Ismail Farah, madaxa cusub ee booliska Soomaaliya, wuxuu ku jiray liiska Kanada ee tuhmanka dembiyada dagaalka" (2014) Ninka labaad ee dukumentiga 1992: hore u ahaa su'aal-celiyaha booliska Hargeysa. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/mohamed-hassan-ismail-farah-somalia-s-new-police-boss-was-on-canada-s-suspected-war-criminals-list-1.2729379
- CNN — "Waxaa lagu tuhmayaa dembiyo dagaal oo Soomaaliya ah. Hadda wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa amniga garoon diyaaradeed oo Mareykan ah" (2 Jun 2016) Baaritaan ay sameeyeen Scott Brownstein, Kyra Phillips, iyo Curt Devine oo lagu heshay Tukeh isagoo amniga ka shaqaynaya Garoonka Dulles. https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/02/us/somalia-torture-suspect-cnn-investigation
- CNN — baaritaan qarsoodi ah oo lagu heshay Tukeh isagoo wado gaadiid kiraysi ah (May 2019) Warbixin la beegsaday bilowga maxkamaddiisa rayidka ah ee Virginia. https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/13/us/somali-torture-suspect-lyft-driver-invs
- Wasaaradda Cadaaladda Mareykanka, EOIR — go'aan 65 bog ah oo amar ku ah in Cali la saaro (8 Feb 2024) Garsoore socdaal ayaa xukuntay in Cali si shakhsi ah u jirdilay isagoo taliyaha Guutada Shanaad ahaa. (aan si toos ah loogu xiriirin online — isha daabacan)
- ICE Mareykanka — warsaxaafadeed ku saabsan saarista Cali ee Soomaaliya (23 Dis 2024) Xaqiijinaysa in saaristu dhacday 20 Dis 2024. https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ero-washington-dc-removes-high-ranking-somali-national-convicted-human-rights
- "Kill All But the Crows" — People & Power (Al Jazeera English), 2016 Baaritaan laba qaybood ah oo si gaar ah uga hadlaya Col. Tuke, oo ay hagaajiyeen Zach Jama iyo Naashon Zalk. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNBTlc2wHU8